Abstract
#Melanoma skin cancer has been one of the quickest uprisings of
totally #cancers, which has a high hazard of prevalence. This deadliest
form of melanoma must be detected premature for effective handling. In
this work, a technique was used to aid the premature detection of skin
cancer lesions. For the segmentation to be considered correct using the
Artificial Bee Colony (ABC) method, the result obtained was compared
with the segmentation of the #dermatologist. This method is applied on
#dermoscopy images were obtained of the PH2 database. The algorithm is
one of the foremost widespread techniques to obtain infinite chances to
solve the ABC rule that provides accurate results in the quickest
possible time. The artificial bee colony algorithm recognizes whether
moles are melanoma or not and at any stage of danger also the results
are compared with the results from the existing algorithm of melanoma
detection; it achieved good results in the conditions of high
specificity, accuracy and sensitivity (92.50,97.20,93.02) %. The ABC #algorithmic is effective and improves early detection with high accuracy
for skin lesions leads to decrease in death rates.
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Abstract
Although #melatonin has been shown to be involved in the aging
process and as a therapeutic target during normal aging, it is yet to be
widely accepted as a #therapeutic target for age related
vulnerabilities. With more evidences being unraveled from different
studies, important lifestyle changes that will optimize its normal
synthesis could be beneficial for the human population.
Aaron Lerner and colleagues discovered melatonin in 1958 and the
chemical structure was described in 1959 as N-acetyl-
5-methoxytryptamine [1]. #Melatonin is endogenously produced majorly in
the #pineal gland especially at night. Melatonin is one of the strongest
antioxidants known; it scavenges hydroxyl and peroxyl radicals [2,3].
Melatonin has a strong relationship with aging, the loss of melatonin in
old age may contribute to the severity and incidence of
#neurodegenerative diseases such as #Alzheimer's disease [4]. Armstrong
and Redman in 1991 suggested that melatonin might have beneficial
effects in aging because of its association with the circadian timing
system [5].
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Abstract
The Molecules in #Medical Sciences is a course that is offered, to
the first year Medical Students at the Department of Biochemistry,
Cambridge University, UK, which focuses on #diseases, which will be
familiar by name and of high relevance, -like diabetes and cancer.
Harvard Medical School on the other hand, says,” preparation of medical
school in the 21st century, should reflect contemporary
developments in medical knowledge, the pace of discovery, and the
permeation of biochemistry, cell biology, and genetics into most areas
of #medicine”. Oxford Royale Academy looks at #biomedicine the following
way, "Biochemistry, as the name suggests, is where Biology meets
Chemistry: it is the study of the living things, at a molecular level-
or, to put it another way, the study of the very foundations of life. At
the Stanford University, the department of Biochemistry, founded by
Arthur Kornberg, the Nobel Laureate, who received this award for his
work on, "the mechanisms in the biological synthesis of #deoxyribonucleic acid”, focused for several decades, on DNA and RNA biochemistry.
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Abstract
#Tricyclic carbazole nucleus is an integral part of naturally
occurring alkaloids and synthetic derivatives, possessing various
potential biological activities such as anticancer, antimicrobial and
antiviral. Binding mechanism of #carbazole with target receptor as
molecule or fused molecule exhibit potential lethal effect. In the
present work, development of microwave assisted organic synthesis (MAOS)
methods for synthesis of a novel series of N-Mannich bases of carbazole
annulled with substituted benzothiazole-2-amine with carbazole
(secondary aromatic amine) and #aldehyde derivatives has been presented.
All the synthesized compounds were characterized by #physicochemical and
spectral methods viz. ultra-violet, FT-IR, 1H-NMR, Mass and elemental
analysis. The newly developed MAOS method evident the improvement in
percentage yield (% yield) and reaction time compared to conventional
method. The synthesized compounds were screened for antibacterial (#B. subtilis, S. aureus, E. coli and #P. aeruginosa) and antifungal activities (#A. niger and #C. albicans) using impregnated paper-disc diffusion method.
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Abstract
Sternal dehiscence that may occur after an open
heart surgery is a serious complication that may result in morbidity and
mortality from pain in sternum and separation of wound lips to
#pulmonary dysfunction, superficial and deep #mediastinal infection [1-4].
Sternal movement and instability may occur on the first day or weeks
later after the surgery depending on the risk factors of the patient,
sternal closure material or surgical technique. #Sternal closure
materials are being used more frequently and increase the costs [5]. We
are presenting a study where we closed the sternum of 20 patients in our
clinic with a novel technique using a standard steel wire.Median #sternotomy is the most common incision for cardiac surgery. It
provides safety and easy exposure for surgeon. Following the cardiac
surgery by median sternotomy, sternum is closed by surgical steel wires.
However post-operative mechanical sternal #dehiscence of sternum is
still a frightening and devastating complication for both patients and
surgeons. This may result ranging from increased postoperative pain to
sternal wound infection and mediastinitis and readmissions in
post-operative period.
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Abstract
This paper presents a modified #chi-square approximation to the
distribution of test statistics arising from multivariate ranked data.
The modification arises from an improvement to the estimated variance
matrix of the responses and from corrections for continuity and skewness
and kurtosis of the rank sum statistics.#Kawaguchi et al. consider tests of equality of means for multivariate
responses, in the presence of covariates, stratification, and tied and
missing data. They propose inference based on approximating the joint
distribution of #Wilcoxon rank sum statistics as multivariate normal,
with an estimated covariance matrix. They present a test statistic that
may be expressed as a quadratic form of Wilcoxon rank sum statistics,
with the variance-covariance matrix estimated using methods derived by
Davis and #Quade; they also apply this multivariate normal approximation
to derive univariate confidence intervals. In this paper, we examine the effect of some alternative variance matrix
estimates and also investigate the usefulness of the approximation of
#Yarnold, correcting for discreteness, skewness and #kurtosis [1-3].
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Abstract
A rare case of a cerebral abscess due to S. #Apiospermum in
fifty-seven-year-old immunosuppressed female. The brain magnetic
resonance imaging revealed a right frontal ill-defined #heterogenous lesion with surrounding multiple discrete low-signal foci lesions both
on T1WI and on T2-WI with prominent susceptibility artifacts. We think
that the foci represent the grains of the fungi itself, causing marked
susceptibility artifacts, similar to previous reports in the literature
of this specific infection, especially as has been demonstrated in
#Madura foot cases. Fungal abscess in the right frontal lobe of a 57-year-old female
with SLE who was #immunocompromised due to treatment with #Cyclosporine.
Axial T2-weighted image (A) shows a well-defined heterogeneous lesion in
the right frontal lobe with an irregular hypointense wall and
intermediate intensity in the center of the lesion. The margins of the
fungal wall are crenated. Axial T1-weighted image (B) shows a
hypointense core with isointense intracavitary projections. #Postcontrast
axial T1-weighted image (C) shows peripheral enhancement of the wall
with no enhancement of intracavitary projections. Diffusion-weighted
image (D) shows #hyperintensity in the projections with concomitant low
ADC values (E).
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Abstract
Colorectal cancer (CRC) is one of the most common malignant tumors.
There are many risk factors involved in CRC. According to recent
findings,#Fusobacterium nucleatum (F. nucleaum) are closely related to
the progression of CRC. Studies have found that F. nucleaum may
contribute to the development and #prognosis of inflammation and CRC. The
factors of the #pathogenicity of F #nucleaum include its adhesion,
its metabolite butyric acid, the cell factor of the host, and so on.
Underlying mechanisms of F. nucleatum in CRC remain to be established.#Colorectal cancer (CRC) is one of the most common malignant tumors [1].
Intestinal microorganisms can affect the development of intestinal
tumors by regulating the proliferation and differentiation of intestinal
epithelial cells, providing nutrition, participating in #angiogenesis and apoptosis [2-6]. In recent years, more and more evidences have shown
that some #Fusobacterium, especially Fusobacterium nucleatum (F. nucleaum),
are closely related to the progression of CRC. F. nucleaum,
gram-negative obligate anaerobe, periodontal pathogenic bacteria, widely
exists in the dental plaque #biofilm, which plays an important role in
the formation, metabolism and succession of biofilm. F. nucleaum is invasive, adhesive and #proinflammatory, and has a high detection rate in oral and systemic infectious diseases [7].
Abstract
In this mini-review herd immunity is discussed by reviewing some
recent vaccination campaigns for HPV, MEN-C, MEN-W and #Ebola. It is
concluded that vaccination coverage is rapidly declining due to societal
factors, financial and logistical hurdles. Herd immunity depends now on
unpredictable herd effects, Secondary declining transmission dynamics
and carriage figures favour strong herd effects. Different target
populations in the MEN-W vaccination programs of the UK and the
Netherlands don't improve public confidence in an #anti-vaxxers climate.
Herd immunity is not a realistic target anymore and is dependent on herd
effects varying with vaccination coverage percentages and this should
be explained to the public in a clear way. The term "#herd immunity" was introduced a century ago and used widely
after increasing use of vaccines and vaccination protocols in the
process of eradication of #diseases [1]. The definition of herd immunity
varies by several authors. Some use it to describe the proportion immune
among individuals in a population, others use it with reference to a
particular threshold proportion of immune individuals that should lead
to a decline in incidence of #infection and still others use it to refer
to a pattern of immunity that should protect a population from an
invasion of a new infection [2].
Abstract
#Colorectal cancer (CRC) is the third most common malignancy worldwide,
with an estimated one million new cases and a half million deaths each
year. Screening for CRC allows early stage diagnosis of the #malignancy
and potentially reduces disease mortality. The convenient and
inexpensive #fecal occult blood test (FOBT) screening test has low
sensitivity and requires dietary restriction, which impedes compliance
and use. Although #colonoscopy. Considered as the golden standard for the
screening for this cancer, the invasive nature, abdominal pain and high
cost have hampered worldwide application of this procedure. A
noninvasive sensitive screen for colon cancer (CC) requiring no dietary
restriction is a more convenient test. CC is more abundant in the USA
than rectal cancer (RC). The discovery of small noncoding protein
sequences, 17-27 #nucleotides long RNAs (such as microRNAs), has opened
new opportunities for a non-invasive test for early diagnosis of many
cancers.#MiRNA functions seem to regulate development and apoptosis, and specific
miRNAs are critical in #oncogenesis, effective in classifying solid and
liquid tumors, and serve as oncogenes or suppressor genes. MiRNA genes
are frequently located at #fragile sites, as well as minimal regions of
loss of #heterozygosity, or amplification of common break-point regions,
suggesting their involvement in carcinogenesis.
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Abstract
Patients undergoing #oral and maxillofacial surgery require recovery
from #dysfunction related to occlusion, eating/swallowing, speech etc. It
is also essential to restore from esthetic disorders by the surgery and
esthetics must not be impaired as possible even after surgery. The oral
and maxillofacial surgery procedure must consider both aspects of
functionality and #esthetics, and the surgery must be performed with high
precision. Therefore, the trend of using medical imaging technology,
which has remarkably progressed in oral and #maxillofacial surgery, has
accelerated in recent years. Medical imaging technology enables to
accurately memorize, measure, and visualize the necessary information
for the operator and is indispensable for planning a #surgery\, assisting
surgical techniques, and evaluating after surgery. This study reviews
medical imaging technologies that are popular in clinical use for each
major surgery in oral and maxillofacial surgery.Surgeries such as Le Fort I maxillary osteotomy, #sagittal split #ramus osteotomy, and intraoral vertical ramus osteotomy are performed to
correct jaw deformities. Occlusal position is a criterion that
determines the movement extent of the jaw. Therefore, a CAD/ CAM
surgical splint is prepared in advance by surgical simulation using
computed tomography (CT) [1].
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Abstract
Mental health providers are likely to develop negative emotions
towards patients with mental #diseases. The objectives of this study were
to explore the bothering levels of mental patients, and what emotion
feelings that were developed by American and Arabian mental health
providers towards the patients they are treating. To achieve these
objectives, a questionnaire was developed that consisted of demographic
part, scoring of bothering levels, emotional feelings, and mechanisms of
interactions with patients in case of the existence of such #emotions.
The questionnaire was uploaded to Survey Monkey for data collection. The
data was presented as frequencies and percentages. Study findings
showed the existence of bothering levels according to #mental diseases.
In the majority of cases, both Americans and Arabians exhibited empathy
towards patients with mental diseases. In case of having such an
emotional feeling that may interfere with treatment plans, various
mechanisms were involved such as reviewing literature or consulting
other colleagues. Taken together, both Americans and Arabians developed
bothering levels of actions of mental #patients and exhibited different
levels of empathy towards those patients.
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