Abstract
The concept of “nutritional programming” has led us to realize that
early nutrition and metabolism have a very important impact on
long-term health. There is a certain correlation between the growth of
fetal and childhood and the occurrence of metabolic diseases in adults,
such as obesity, type 2 diabetes, hypertension, and cardiovascular
disease. Obesity is the most common metabolic disease whose prevalence
is
increasing worldwide. Nutrition in early stages of growth may be
essential in the development of obesity in adulthood. Human milk is the
most
natural and ideal food for the baby. Moreover, breast-feeding appears to
be associated with a lower risk of obesity than formula feeding. Human
milk contains bioactive components, such as leptin, adiponectin,
ghrelin, which are involved in food intake regulation and energy
balance.
These bioactive factors may contribute to childhood growth. In this
review, we discuss bioactive factors contained in human milk and their
potential protective effect on subsequent obesity.
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