Journals on Medical Microbiology - BJSTR Journal

Abstract 

#Alzheimer’s disease (AD), a progressive and debilitating #neurodegenerative disorder, is the most common cause of dementia with a global prevalence at 46.8 million in 2015. An estimated 5.5 million people in the USA are living with AD in 2017, a number expected to grow to 13.8 million in 2050. By then, nearly one million new cases are projected to develop per year, that is to say one new case develops for every 33 seconds [1]. Treating AD is a healthcare and societal priority and the cost of care and the burden on#caregivers keep increasing [2]. However, it is still irremediable yet, and none of the treatments available today prevents or reverses the damage to neurons that causes the disease. Thus, there is an urgent need for more effective therapeutic approaches and researchers are looking for new therapies with breakthroughs. #Danggui ShaoyaoSan (DSS), a classic formula of traditional Chinese medicine (TCM), has become a focus of attention for many researches due to its favorable potency against AD [3,4].This formula was first recorded in the Jing Gui Yao Lue by Zhongjing Zhang (150–219 A.D.) and its #therapeutic effect on AD was first reported by Japan researchers in the 1980s.5 Its protective actions of inhibiting neuronal damage, enhancing cognitive behavior, and improving #mitochondrial impairment have been well documented [6-10]. 

 

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Revealing the Molecular Mechanisms of Danggui Shaoyao San in The Treatment of Alzheimer’s Disease: A Preliminary Study Based on Network Pharmacology  by Rong Qiang Liu in BJSTR

Journals on Biomedical Engineering - BJSTR Journal

Abstract

Sudan is famous for livestock production all over the world. Nevertheless, livestock production was faced by a lot of obstacles. This paper focuses on identifying these barriers. #Holistic overview of the past, present and future challenges of sustainable livestock production was used to identify these constraints. They can be #summed up into natural and man –made factors which are interacting together to hinder sustainable management of both animals as well as range resources of the country. Natural factors can be summarized as follows: most of range resources of the range resources of Sudan in semi-arid and sensitive fragile areas, alternating dry and wet periods, desertification, climate changes, pests and diseases, soil types and #geomorphological factors. While man made factors can be grouped into: local culture, conflicts between herders and cultivators, seasonal #bush fires, dissolution of native administration, nomadic tribes coming from neighbouring countries, poor range management, grazing systems adopted, etc.

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 Threats to Sustainable Livestock Production in Sudan by Ahmed El Tohami in BJSTR

Journals on Medical Informatics - BJSTR Journal

Abstract

#Bouveret Syndrome is a rare complication in which a gallstone impacts in the duodenum and cause a gastric outlet obstruction. The gallstone passes through a fistula between the #gallbladder and adhered portion of gastrointestinal tract. The formation of the fistula occurs after multiple episodes of cholecystitis. The impacted gallstone provoke gallbladder inflammation and pressure through the gallbladder wall causing erosion and allowing the stone to arrive to the duodenum. #Gallstone ileus is responsible for 1-4% of all #gastrointestinal obstruction and Bouveret Syndrome represents 2-3% of those cases [1]. The rarity of the syndrome can be explained by the fact that the majority of stones are small and doesn’t cause #gastrointestinal obstruction. The stones that can cause obstruction are usually larger than 2 cm and 50 - 70% of gallstone impact in the ileum [2]. Bouveret Syndrome usually affects older women, and many have serious concomitant medical #illnesses, including coronary disease, pulmonary disease, and diabetes mellitus that increases mortality and morbidity rates.

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The Use of Vaughan Procedure in Bouveret Syndrome by Fernando Ponce Leon in BJSTR

Journals on Medical Research - BJSTR Journal

Abstract

A trend or a useful tool? HTA (Health Technology Assessment) was born in the 70s as a tool to support decision makers in the health sector and has been quickly developing since, also with the creation of specialized international agencies (e.g. #Health Technology Assessment International – HTAi; International Network of Assessment Agencies of health technologies - INAHTA). What is HTA? It is the “systematic #evaluation of the properties and effects of a health technology, which addresses the direct and expected effects of this technology, as well as its indirect and unintended consequences, and aims primarily to inform decision-makers on health technologies” [1].The approach is interdisciplinary, because HTA summarizes information on #medical, social, economic and ethical issues, and methods of evaluation can be different [2]. Since of its born, ethics has been considered a key element in HTA, even if there is still not an agreement on “why” and “how” ethics should be integrated in HTA. This difficulty is not new and it mainly due to the narrowing of HTA to #economic analysis. In 2004, ten Have has listed some #potential reasons of this situation.

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Health Technology Assessment and Ethics Health by Zaçe D in BJSTR

Journals on Biomedical Science - BJSTR Journal

Abstract

#Peripheral Nerve Stimulation [PNS] is an accepted method of #neuromodulation in the management of chronic refractory pain, although there is no specialized equipment available today to be accommodated in the peripheral nerve space. PNS employs the standard spinal cord stimulation [SCS] device that comes with bulky and #cumbersome components responsible for several adverse events as well as failures. We describe two chronic debilitating afflictions of peripheral nerves viz. #Meralgia Paresthetica [MP] of the lower extremity and complex regional pain syndrome [CRPS] of the upper extremity, treated by wireless peripheral nerve stimulation [WPNS] that requires implantation of a single device, notably without an #implantable pulse generator [IPG] or its accessories.WPNS is a single implantable neural stimulator that encases a stimulating electrode [with 4 or 8 contacts], a #microprocessor and antenna to communicate with pulse generator by wireless access.

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Wireless Peripheral Nerve Stimulation in the Management of Debilitating Extremity Pain from Meralgia Paresthetica and Complex Regional Pain Syndrome: Report of Two Case Illustrations by Laura Tyler Perryman in BJSTR

Journals on Medical Microbiology - BJSTR Journal

Abstract 

The #cytomegalovirus (CMV) is one of the most causes opportunistic #infections in people with AIDS and the CMV most commonly encountered #retinitis in 80% of patients infected with HIV Adachi et al. [1]. CMV is a major cause of morbidity and mortality in patients with HIV in the United States. CMV infection causes disease in several organ systems, including the central nervous system (CNS) (chorioretinitis, encephalitis, #polyradiculopathy, myelopathy) and the gastrointestinal (GI) tract (oral ulcers, esophagitis, hepatitis, colitis, intestinal perforation), as well as life-threatening adrenalitis and pneumonitis #ArellanoGalindoet al. [2-4]. #Epidemiologic studies indicated that half of HIV patients which are affected by CMV; have symptoms including #chorioretinitis, esophagitis, colitis, pneumonia, and central nervous system disease Gianella et al. [5]. Diagnosis and detection of CMV disease can be based on clinical evaluation, such as CMV retinitis and #serological or molecular assays. Culture of CMV from blood, urine, or even biopsy of tissue is very time consuming Leila et al. [6].

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Evaluation Frequency of Human Cytomegalovirus Resistance to Ganciclovir (UL97) in Patients with HIV, using High Resolution Melting Analysis, Kerman, Iran by Hamid Reza Mollaei in BJSTR

Journals on Medical Microbiology - BJSTR Journal

Abstract

A simple, low cost, sensitive, a selective #electrochemical method for the detection of caffeine (CA) was developed using polymethyl orange modified carbon paste electrode (PMO/CPE) by cyclic voltammetry (CV). It was found that caffeine shows well defined irreversible oxidation peak at 1350 mV Vs. Calomel electrode in 0.2 M PBS (pH 3.0) The effect of pH, Scan rate and concentration on the #voltammetric response of caffeine were studied. The linear range of peak current on the concentration of caffeine in the range from 1×10^-5 to 5×10^-5 and 6×10^-5 to 1.5×10^-4 M with a low detection limit of 5.7×10^-7 M and modified electrode shows a good reproducibility with a relative standard deviation of 4.16 %. The PMO/CPE electrochemical sensor showed better electrocatalytic activity compared to the bare carbon paste electrode (BCPE).The developing an effective method for the detection of CA becomes an active in the field of research. Among the different methods are developed electroanalytical method having more advantageous and become the most popular method. There are few methods are reported for the electrochemical detection of CA by using modified electrodes which includes boron-doped diamond electrodes, molecularly imprinted polymer modified carbon paste electrode, carbon fiber ultramicroelectrodes, and polymer modified glassy carbon electrode.

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Cyclic Voltammetric Investigation of Caffeine at Methyl Orange Modified Carbon Paste Electrode by JG Manjunatha in BJSTR

Journals on Cancer Medicine - BJSTR Journal

Abstract 

The goal of nursing education is a commitment to prepare competent and caring nurses #professionals to provide quality care that promotes the health of human beings. Caring is the basic core concept of the nursing profession [1] and #nursing educators need to consider that individuals have different learning styles in the educational process. Learning style is a crucial factor that influences individuals to learn efficiently and effectively [2]. In addition, nursing attrition is an important issue to be solved in the worldwide nursing workforce [3], as it is a challenge for institutions of nursing education to produce qualified nurses; therefore, nursing #faculties must be concerned with nurturing nursing novices to become experts in providing qualified care. Nursing is caring and requires nursing students to learn how to become professional nurses in clinical settings. Nursing students should be regarded as clients in health facilities and show the necessary care and concern. In addition, research indicates that information regarding learning styles can be helpful in designing nursing curriculums that provide the best learning outcomes for students in the nursing profession [4].

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Learning Styles and Caring Behaviors Among Students in Different Nursing Programs: Implications for Nursing Education by Yuh Shiow Li in BJSTR

Journals on Biomedical Science - BJSTR Journal

Abstract

Dyspnea is a common symptom and leading cause of hospital admissions of #geriatric patients. Elderly patients who need #hospitalisation, characterized by multiple chronic diseases. The most common causes of dyspnea are deterioration of Chronic Heart Failure (CHF) and pneumonia. Basic diagnostic tools for #dyspnea such as a chest X-ray, ECG and laboratory testing (including B-type #natriuretic peptide marking) often fail in helping us reach a diagnosis. A #transthoracic Lung Ultrasound (LUS) appears to be a helpful, safe and simple diagnostic method. Dyspnea is a common symptom found in millions of patients with various #lung diseases. One of the most frequently encountered reasons for the admission of elderly patients is a lower respiratory tract infection alongside a chronic respiratory and/or circulatory system disease. The multitude of coexisting conditions, especially in the lungs, may hinder the identification of the underlying cause of dyspnea [1]. The standard and most frequently performed diagnostic procedure is a chest X-ray. In a elderly patients with symptoms of respiratory failure and in severe general condition the usefulness of a chest X-ray is limited.

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Lung Ultrasound in The Elderly Patients with Dyspnea: A Series Case Reports by Natalia Buda in BJSTR

Journals on Biomedical Engineering - BJSTR Journal

Abstract

The optical vortex beams carrying orbital angular momentum (OAM) recently have unveiled great potential to be widely applied in advanced biomedicine, e.g. manipulating and assembling DNA, detecting #biomolecule, organic illumination, single-cell #nanosurgery, etc. However, it is an everlasting challenge to produce the proper vortices devices for corresponding applications. To this end, the tunable properties of OAM beams need to be produced. The #spectrum-tunable property is related to the tuning of the response of target molecules. The OAM-tunable property can control the number and distribution of target particles. Moreover, the polarization-tunable property can be used to reduce #photodamage. Hereinafter, we give a prompt review of the recent advances on tunable vortex beam devices for biomedical applications Optical #vortex beams are at the heart of a number of novel research directions, which are the light beams with a helical wavefront carrying orbital #angular momentum (OAM), giving rise to a phase singularity at the center of light field [1-3]. In 2004, X Zhuang [4] unveiled that a DNA molecule can be manipulated by a vortex beam which plays a role of optical tweezer.

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Recent Advances on Tunable Vortex Beam Devices for Biomedical Applications by Mali Gong in BJSTR

Journals on Emergency Medicine - BJSTR Journal

Abstract

Yttrium-90 microsphere #radioembolization with (90)Y microspheres is a locoregional radiation therapy employed for unresectable hepatic neoplasms by permanently implanting (90)Y-containing microspheres into tumors via the hepatic artery. 1 Non-target delivery of (90)Y #microspheres can result in #gastrointestinal (GI) symptoms. We present the case of a woman with ischemic gastropathy as a result of Y-90 therapy targeted for hepatic metastasis from invasive ductal carcinoma of the breast [1].This is a 64year-old female with breast #cancer with isolated hepatic #metastasis. As a result, she underwent chemoembolization of this hepatic lesion. Days later she developed left upper quadrant abdominal pain associated with nausea and vomiting. Several days of empiric proton-pump inhibitors and antiemetics offered no benefit. Upper endoscopy demonstrated a large wedged shaped area of severe gastric #erythema and ulceration extending from the cardia #esophageal junction to the incisura with linear margins. The temporal relationship of the Y90 radioembolization coupled with the endoscopic findings were suggestive of ischemic#gastropathy.

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Yttrium-90 Radioembolization For Unresectable Chemo Refractory Breast Cancer Liver Metastases by Jinendra Satiya in BJSTR

Journals on Neuro Imaging - BJSTR Journal

Abstract

Cerebral #Revascularization procedure or bypass is procedure where a neurosurgeon uses existing vessels in the head and brain or vessels harvested from another part of the body to either replace blood flow in parts of the brain that are hypoperfused or to augment blood flow in portions of the brain that are under risk of #ischemia and tissue damage. #Cerebrovascular bypass is used to treat selected patients with decreased blood flow through their carotid arteries, patients with large #aneurysms, patients with #moyamoya disease as well as some patients with brain tumors. Due to very low number of such procedures, it is necessary to establish experimental training for bypass surgery to keep the practical skills intact for the #neurosurgeons. Bypass training on vessels isolated from chicken wing is an excellent tool for training neurosurgeon, s skills. However, this experimental setting is static and do not simulate the brain pulsation movements.

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Simulation of Brain Pulsation for Training Cerebrovascular Bypass Surgery Using Vibration Massage Seat  by Sajjad Muhammad in BJSTR

Journals on Biomedical Science - BJSTR Journal

Abstract

The assessment of specific #neuromuscular performance qualities provides relevant insight into the training status of an individual in relation to the sport requirements. This information is crucial for detecting potential deficiencies in strength and power capacities and, therefore, for designing individualized resistance training programs aimed at improving physical performance [1].Skeletal muscle function can be evaluated using a wide variety of tests, which should provide reliable, valid, sensitive and specific measures to obtain a correct strength #diagnosis [2,3]. Therefore, it would seem logical for coaches, strength and physical conditioning professionals and sport scientists to properly assess the reliability of different mechanical and #physiological variables related to strength and power qualities [1].  The bench press (BP) exercise is a multi-joint movement beneficial to many functional activities and sporting movements and it is considered an important training exercise in many strength and conditioning programs in different sports [4].

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Reliability of Mechanical and EMG Variables Assessed During Concentric Bench Press Exercise Against Different Submaximal Loads by  Kieran James in BJSTR

Journals on Biomedical Intervention - BJSTR Journal

Abstract

 In the research of medical science, there is an important field of #psychology which is adjacent to our daily life and long life in each person. Transactional analysis (TA) was initiated by Eric Berne as a personality theory [1,2]. It is simple and useful psychotherapy for evaluating preferable human communication and improving the personality trait and growth. It was called #egogram, which has three ego states including P (Parent), A (Adult), C (Child). This theory has been succeeded by John M. Dusey. He developed egogram for easy understanding and research, because it has proposed to have five egos, which are Critical Parent (CP), and #Nurturing Parent (NP), Adult (A), Free Child (FC) and Adapted Child (AC) [3,4]. It has been used widely for its simple and useful for clinical research and application.After that, University of Tokyo developed Tokyo University Egogram (TEG) by the #psychosomatic group. It has the characteristic aspects consistent with the personality trait in Japanese people [5.6] .

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Study of Personality Traits for University Students by Egogram Analysis by Tomohiro Yokoyama in BJSTR