This paper is an attempt to highlight the factors that threaten the
smartness of solid waste management in Sudan with an emphasis urban area
in the country as well as it is trail to draw a road map to attain what
is called Smart solid waste management. This paper is a review article
and it depends on the personal experience of the author. Non-smart solid
waste management can be attributed to the following factors: vast
horizontal expansion of settlements both formal and informal types
accompanied by increase in the population of urban centers (in general
and Khartoum state in particular) due to pushing and pulling factors.
Pulling factors are deterioration in essential infrastructure and
communities' services in rural areas such as health and education
facilities, poor or absence of rural development. Other pushing factors
are tribal conflicts and violence due to natural factors such as drought
and desertification and struggle over the scarce natural resources
which enhanced rural- urban migration. This horizontal expansion of the
settlements and continuous increase in population have resulted in
increase of the generated solid wastes, inefficient means of solid waste
management, insufficient number of vehicles, poor salaries of the labor
working in collection and transportation and segregation of solid
wastes.
This were reflected in the accumulation and scattering of solid
wastes which ultimately led to non-smartness of management of such
wastes. The following recommendations can be drawn: Rehabilitation of
large irrigated schemes in Sudan such as Gezira and Rahad schemes which
will improve the balance of payment, ensuring food security and living
conditions in rural areas, To treat the actual or root causes of rapid
expansion in Khartoum State by strengthening essential infrastructure in
rural areas as education and health services, Construction of high
buildings rather than flat will reduce the travelling distances and
running costs of vehicles working in collection, Attraction of the
private sector to invest in recycling and reuse the wastes, Raising the
environmental awareness through media and educational institutes.
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Threats to Smart Solid waste Management in Sudan by Abu Bakr El Siddig Ahmed El Tohami* in BJSTR
