Abstract
In Mediterranean regions climate change has led to greater inter and
intra-annual rainfall irregularity, causing an increase in the demand
for irrigation water, inevitably accompanied by an increase in the use
of others resources like nitrogen fertilizers. Nitrogen is associated
with
negative economic and environmental impacts, which requires particularly
important decision-making in terms of its application to meet cropneeds. The agronomic efficiencies of water and nitro genvary widely
among different environments and can be modified due to management
practices. However, some studies suggest that agronomic practices alone
are not sufficient to entirely avoid nitrogen losses. In irrigated
cropping systems, where classical nitrogen fertilizers are partially
applied through irrigation water, Enhanced Efficiency Fertilizers (EEF),
namely slow release and controlled release products, and nitrification
inhibitors, have the potential to reduce nitrogen losses, contributing
to higher resource-use efficiencies. This work aims to provide an
overview of the possibilities of successfully using this type of
fertilizers in
irrigated agriculture, especially in Mediterranean climate regions, and
the need for research in this field.
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