Abstract
H2S has been shown to act as a #biologicallyactivecompound in #mammaliancells; H2S may also involve cardio protective or cardiovascular
therapeutic effects. The concentrations of NaHS, used instead of H2S at μM - mM, in most of previous studies are higher than the 50 or Ki
of #cytochrome c oxidase (COX) activity by H2S. However we found COX is inhibited by only 500 nM H2S,
reactive oxygen species causing DNA
double-strand breaks are produced, and the mitochondrial membrane is
#depolarized. Following the above #redoxreactions, the p53 pathway is
activated. Consequently, apoptosis is initiated. If the lowest
concentration of H2S (1 nM) is applied for hepatic or
pancreatic differentiation from
human-tooth pulp, the differentiation or proliferation is heavily
promoted through WNT signaling and PI3K-AKT signaling pathways. A
possibility
of regenerative medicine or reversal ageing using H2S at nM level is also suggested. On the other hand previous studies clearly indicated that
the accuracy of dose-response studies using NaHS or Na2S at μM - mM are questionable, we cannot produce constant concentration of H2S using
NaHS. NaHS is easily #vaporized, and the dissociation constant of H2S is not equal to that of NaHS. This presents a huge discrepancy affecting
investigations of redox biology. The concentration of H2S used for in vitro or in vivo experiments is strongly recommended to be determined by
a precise and suitable measure. The review focuses on effects of H2S on #apoptosis, typical de-differentiation process, differentiation of the #stemcells, and regenerative medicine.
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