Abstract
Most people with locally advanced rectal cancer are treated
with #chemotherapy (ChT), #radiotherapy (RT), and #surgery. With
improved surgical techniques and the addition of #neoadjuvant RT
ChT, 5-year local recurrence rates have decreased from >25% to
<10% [1,2]. Regarding to local/regional disease site, quality of life is
a new and increasingly important goal for rectal cancer treatment.
However, these advances have not appreciably decreased the risk
of distant #metastaticrecurrence (approximately 30%), which
remains the leading cause of #rectalcancer-related death. That’s
why, systemic treatment to control distant #microscopicdisease especially has become increasingly importance in recent years.
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