Abstract
#Depression is a highly prevalent disorder, which is characterized by
over-reaction, #rumination, and cognitive decline. Less than 40% of
depressed patients in clinical practice can be relieved after the first
treatment with antidepressants [1], and about 35% of patients have a
lack
of response to treatment and become treatment-resistant depression (TRD)
[2]. Considerable effort has been devoted to trying to find effective
treatments for TRD. Studies to date have found that long-term vagus
nerve stimulation (VNS) can effectively reduce the degree of depression
in some patients [3]. In 2005, the United States Food and DrugAdministration (FDA) approved VNS as an adjunctive treatment for
patients
with TRD. However, invasive VNS not only has high surgical costs but
also has the risk of postoperative infection. The transcutaneous vagus
nerve stimulation (tVNS) in recent years, although still in its early
stages, has shown potential for mild and moderate major depressive
disorder
(MDD) patients, and its #efficacies are similar to those of vagus nerve
stimulation (VNS )[4,5].
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