The New and Effective Methods for Removing Sulfur Compounds from Liquid Fuels: Challenges Ahead- Advantages and Disadvantages

Introduction
Combustion of liquid fuels with organosulfur compounds such as sulfides, disulfides, thiophenes and the corresponding derivatives emits harmful gases SOx and NOx. HDS is main methods used for desulfurization, but this process is inefficient in removing organo sulfur compounds [1]. So recently, former techniques such as adsorption desulfurization (ADS) and oxidation desulfurization (ODS) were considered [2]. The main challenge of the ADS method is the selection of adsorbents with high adsorption capacity and selectivity [3]. Vafaee, et al. [4], synthesized nanosorbents of (A: Ni, CO & Mg) AFe2O4-SiO2 by an auto-combustion sol-gel method and used them in the ADS process. Also, Vafaee, et al. [5] used NiFe2O4- Polyethylene glycol catalyst for ultrasound assisted oxidative desulfurization (UAOD) process using central composite design (CCD) under response surface methodology (RSM). Consequently, ferrites in the adsorbent and phase transfer catalyst were easily separated and recycled via magnetic field for desulfurization process.

Conclusion
In this study, efficiency of ADS and UAOD methods with the AFe2O4-SiO2 (A: Ni, Co & Mg) nanoadsorbent and NiFe2O4-PEG phase transfer nanocatalysts were reviewed. In the UAOD process, increasing the temperature and oxidant amount had the greatest effect on increasing the percentage of DBT conversion. In addition, one of the main challenges of ADS and UAOD methods is the use of adsorbents and phase transfer catalysts with easy separation and recovery capabilities. Therefore, using the magnetic field caused by ferrites in the adsorbent and phase transfer catalyst structure, they were easily separated and recycled after desulfurization.

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