Journal of Biomedical Research and Review - BJSTR Journal

Abstract

Human life is determined by plenty of factors, and normal oxygen environment is one of the most important. Mammals and human have obtained specific receptors during the evolution. These receptors are located in #blood vessels and tissues and react on #hypoxic stimulus [1-3]. Arterial system has the highest density of #peripheral chemoreceptors which react on oxygen (O₂) content change in the internal milieu [1]. #Chemoreceptors located in carotid body in the area of carotid arteries bifurcation are the most important [2-5]. Significant part of cardiac output heads via carotid and vertebral arteries to brain, and strategically vital localization of those receptors in carotid body allows them to determine O₂ content in blood almost instantly during each output. Some scientist's associate metabolism of mitochondria in carotid body cells with cellular depolarization in order to explain how is signaling to brain initiates [3]. Therefore, brain instantly receives information about blood saturation with O₂ by carotid sinus nerve from #chemoreceptor cells in carotid body. And this information outruns the one about O₂ content which reaches brain via #blood vessels. This first information is important for making a quick decision about necessity of corrections of respiratory and vasomotor functions to maintain optimal respiratory homeostasis.

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Hypoxia and #Hypercapnia: Sensory and Effector Mechanisms by Kulchitsky Vladimir in BJSTR