Abstract
Different technologies have been developed to manipulate DNA, but until
recently they were costly, labor-intensive and #timeconsuming. Discovery
of the #Clustered Regularly-Interspaced Short Palindromic Repeats
(CRISPR), the mechanism of the CRISPR- based prokaryotic adaptive immune
system (CRISPR-associated system, Cas), and its transformation into a
potent DNA editing tool has changed completely the field of gene
manipulation. CRISPR/ Cas9 genome editing was derived from the naturally
occurring defense mechanism used by bacteria to shield themselves from
infection by #bacteriophages and mobile genetic elements. In nature,
CRISPR functions as a bacterial adaptive immune system, releasing RNAs
that are complementary to intruding DNA - marking them for destruction.
After the initial intensive period of data accumulation, CRISPR was soon
adapted for a vast range of applications-creating complex animal models
of human-inherited diseases and cancers; performing #genome-wide screens
in human cells to define the genes responsive for specific biological
processes; regulating the expression of specific genes; used to
genetically modifying plants.
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For more Medical Microbiology Articles on BJSTR
Crispr/Cas9 System - A Revolution in Gene Editing by Teodora Daneva in BJSTR
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