Nanotheranostics and Coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2)

 

Opinion

The severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARSCoV- 2) causes the current outburst worldwide. Emergence of SARS-CoV-2 has affected a large population and has been identified as a serious threat to humans. To date, nanotechnology-based tools and devices consist of nanoparticles that revealed great potential for the prevention, diagnosis, and therapy of SARS-CoV-2 infection. Nanotechnology-based strategies are very efficient for rapid diagnosis [1]. Various other advanced nanomaterials are also considered for designing antiviral nanotechnology-based remedies, which can be considered a better source to deal with the problems associated with SARS-CoV-2, and the development of advanced tools, can be applied for rapid, accurate, and sensitive diagnosis [2]. These tools and devices can perform as effective disinfectants by delivering nanotherapeutics and antiviral agents into human cells. Cutting-edge tools, especially those, which is innovated by nanotechnology, can easily tackle SARS-CoV-2 infection. Novel strategies were designed for effective diagnosis of SARS-CoV-2 with the aid of nanotechnology and by employing various forms of nanoparticles. Currently, simultaneous efforts are discovering efficient drug remedies to treat viral infections and diseases. Nanotechnology-driven tools and devices are very effective in the management of SARS-CoV-2 pandemic and playing a key role in the development of newer nanotherapeutics [3].

Especially, nanosensors have already proven their value in the diagnosis of viral diseases. Multifunctional nanomaterials, quantum dots, and their various forms (liposomes, polymeric, lipid, metallic, and micelles) are very efficient in prevention, diagnosis, vaccination, and drug encapsulation [4]. These novel strategies can be expedited in the upgrading of pharmacological impact to treat SARS-CoV-2 [5]. The antiviral efficiency of aforesaid nanotools and devices target the entering, expansions, binding, repetition, and budding of SARS-CoV-2 [6]. The antiviral effectiveness of inorganic nanoparticles should be further inspected and improved [7]. Here, the author points out the gap of knowledge that be existent in the managing of SARS-CoV-2 pandemic and expose the route of its unembellished impact on the respiratory system [8]. In the absence of the actual diagnostics and novel therapies, it is an unclear task to deal with SARS-CoV-2. As, such types of viruses spreads via humanto- human. In host cells, SARS-CoV-2 spread via symptomatic carriers and initiate damages in the organs [9].

To overcome these obstacles, the author projects the applications and uses of nanotechnology to present it overall as the birthplace of pharmacological agents and novel nanotherapeutic with the size of 10 to 200 nm scale.3 These recommended remedies are site-specific and able to deliver nanotherapeutics to diagnose and eradicate the SARS-CoV-2. Even though these nanotools and devices can expand the human immune system specifically as required for ending the outbreak and infection stage of SARS-CoV-2 [10]. Nanotools and devices developed via nanotechnologies can be applied for mimicking the behavior of viruses for altering their harmful features and characteristics. For the same grounds, various efforts have been made for designing virus-like nanoparticles that can be applied for the preparation of nanodrugs for delivery and gene editing. Nanotherapeutics (nanocarriers or polymeric nanoparticles) can deal with mRNA and govern the initiation of the process of antigens making. These nanotools and devices can easily stimulate the immune system to fight SARS-CoV-2 [11].

Thus, these nanotherapeutics can perform as immunestimulating boosters and effectively generate a stronger immune response to cope with the negative impact of viral infection. Discussed nanomedicine formulation and synthesized nanodrugs can target the immune cells in the lungs in different medical conditions [12]. To fight these viruses, antibodies and antigens are essential, and a need is always there to craft them. The antibodies are recognized as small proteins, which can abolish invaders by hunting. For a perfect diagnosis, antibody tests can be accomplished by smearing the nanotechnology strategies. For example, gold nanoparticles can easily identify antibodies that are present in the blood and confirm SARS-CoV-2 infection.

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