Abstract
Staphylococcus aureus is a potentially pathogenic bacterium
that causes a wide range of diseases. These are causing different
infections
and resistance mechanism due to of its wide virulence factors. The
increase in the resistance of this virulent pathogen to antibiotic, day
by
day increases as a nosocomial infection is a major health concern. The
main resistance phenotype associated with the S. aureus in
hospital
is methicillin resistance followed by vancomycin resistance. Resistance
to methicillin and other b-lactam antibiotics is produced by the mecA
gene, which is located on a portable genetic element, the Staphylococcal
Cassette Chromosome mec (SCCmec). Center for disease control and
prevention (CDC) approximates 80,461 hostile Methicillin resistance
staphylococcal (MRSA) infections and 11,285 associated deaths occurred
in 2011. Methicillin resistance in hospital acquired infections in S. aureus
isolates has been increasing intensely in United States and occurring
resistance to other antibacterial compounds. However, the role of
evolutionary change in the pathogen throughout the development from
bearing to disease is not completely understood. So, for this high
throughout genome sequencing project need to be done to identify the
genotypic character. To reduce these resistances more effective
infection control, developing the new and improved antibiotic,
developing
vaccines, monitoring the trends in resistance, promoting interventions,
conducting research are crucial. This review labels the latest molecular
evolution of MRSA, different methods used to investigate the
epidemiology, different risk factor associated with it and the structure
of gene.
Evolution and Epidemiology of Antimicrobial Resistance: Staphylococcus aureus by Sunil Pandey in BJSTR
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