Journals on Biomedical Imaging - BJSTR Journal

Abstract

#Tuberculosis (TB) is a serious public health problem in the world that intensifies when people reach advanced ages, also due to the proliferation of drug-resistant strains, among other reasons. Risk factors such as HIV, poverty, alcohol, smoking, #immunosuppression of different origins, among others, increase the probability of contracting it. For these reasons, it is essential to make an optimal diagnosis, which allows an accurate detection of the #infection, fast, efficient, sensitive, specific, economic. Among the tests used are: chest x-ray, sputum microscopy, culture in liquid and solid media and amplification of nucleic acids.Tuberculosis (TB) is a contagious disease produced by bacillus of the complex #Mycobacterium tuberculosis, cuyo principal #miembro que produce TB humana es M. tuberculosis. This infection spreads in all countries of the world; however, the data provided by the WHO [in the World Tuberculosis Report 2017] [1] indicate that 18 have the highest incidences with more than 100,000 new cases in 2016 [2]. According to this organization, the largest proportions of cases (64%) is distributed in only seven countries: India (27%), Indonesia (10%), China (9%), Philippines (5%), Pakistan (5%), South Africa (4%) and Nigeria (4%). The most affected areas are Asia (45%), Africa (25%) and the Western Pacific (17%). TB remains one of the infectious diseases with the highest mortality in the world [3].

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Immuno Tuberculosis by María Elizabeth Márquez Contreras in BJSTR

Journals on Biomedical Engineering - BJSTR Journal

Abstract

This article proposes a structured method to map the main elements of complex phenomena. We chose Precision #Medicine as the context for this study due to its novelty, exponential #evolution, complexity, and potential impact on our future. The method proposed faces the problem that a subjective process of acquiring knowledge and building a common framework might be biased. The solution is achieved by an original way of combining systematic literature review, content analysis, and #ecosystem approach. The method proposed also offers an innovative way to include factors and connect them to actors in an ecosystem approach. We present a #four-phase method that ends with a double-layer diagram with actors and factors. It serves as a reference ground for discussions that are relevant for academic research and practitioner strategy development. Our findings in the Precision Medicine context suggest that this method could be used for other complex #phenomena as well.During the last decades, business strategy studies were largely based on industrial age economics, such as value chain and industry analysis as those offered by Michael Porter (1980), on competition within industrial sectors [1-3].

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Charting Ecosystems of Complex Phenomena: The Precision Medicine Case by Rodolfo Wadovski in BJSTR

Journals on Regenerative Medicine - BJSTR Journal

Abstract

Soft tissue sarcomas are exceedingly rare tumors that account for 1% of all human #malignancies. More than 50 #histologic subtypes of STS are recognized. Limb salvage surgery and radiation (RT) are the standard of care in management of extremity #sarcomas [1]. The timing of RT; whether preoperative or postoperative, has been tested in a prospective trial [2], both approaches have comparable #oncologic outcomes in terms of local control and survival. However, preoperative RT was found to have a higher risk of major wound complications. On the contrary, late side effects such as fibrosis, joint stiffness and edema were more prevalent in patients receiving postoperative RT [3]. Soft tissue sarcoma volume usually changes after #neoadjuvant RT. Many physicians perceive this response as a sign for disease response and treatment outcome. However, this suggestion was not studied nor proven. Another surrogate is post-treatment tumor necrosis; the effect of histologic response on disease outcome is not well defined and data are conflicting.Nevertheless, some studies have reported better survival with near complete necrosis [4]. Furthermore, it is unknown if #radiologic response does correlate with #pathologic response in the surgical specimen following neoadjuvant RT.

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Correlation of Radiologic and Pathologic Response in Patients Receiving Neoadjuvant Radiotherapy for Soft Tissue Sarcoma by Ramiz Abu Hijlih in BJSTR

Journals on Medical Microbiology - BJSTR Journal

Abstract

In the present investigation, an attempt was made to explore the #anticancer activity of extracellular gold nanoparticles from #Streptomyces sp. The synthesized gold nanoparticles were characterized by UV-vis #spectrophotometry and scanning electron microscopy. The presence of gold nanoparticles after the synthesis was examined by recording the UV-vis spectra of the solution and also by visual #biomonitoring of the solution. The peaks recorded in the UV-vis #spectra of the solutions was in between the wavelength of 500 to 600nm which confirms the presence of gold nanoparticles. Scanning electron microscopy reveals the synthesis of gold #nanoparticles with an average size 27 to 56nm in the solution. Different concentrations of gold nanoparticles (200 - 10^l) were subjected to illustrate the anticancer activity using cell lines namely adeno carcinoma (HT 29), kidney cancer (K 293) and breast cancer (MDA 231). The percent inhibition for these cell lines was recorded and observed to be very high at 200^1. The investigation revealing the anticancer activity of gold nanoparticles has been reported for the first time. Gold nanoparticles could be used as cost effective and efficient means of future devices in medical sciences.

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Anticancer Attributes of Gold Nanoparticles Synthesized by Novel Isolate Streptomyces tuirus DBZ39 by Bi Bi Zainab Mazhari in BJSTR

Journals on Medical Informatics - BJSTR Journal

Abstract

We researched and elucidated the features of transport of nerve impulse along the nerve fiber using modern theory of #molecular biology, in which we first elucidated the properties of structure of the nerve cell and the features of distribution of sodium ions and potassium ions in the inner and exterior of the never cell membranes. In practice, their distributions are not uniformity, i.e., the distribution of sodium ions and potassium ions between the inner and exterior of #cell-membranes are not same, the sodium ions are many in the exterior, the small in the inner, but the potassium ions are many in the inner, small in the exterior, they are just inverse. Just so, an action electro-potential is formed on the cell-membranes. But the action #electro-potential\, in essence, is only a static impulse, it cannot be propagated along the nerve organizations. If the nerve organizations are acted by a bio-energy, which could lead to the periodic variation of these sodium ions and potassium ions in the inner and exterior of the never cell membranes can be varied periodically under the action of the bio-energy by virtue of the works of sodium pump and #potassium pump on the surface of cell membrane, then the nerve impulse can propagate along the nerve fiber membranes.

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Form of Nerve Impulse and its Features of Propagation along the Nerve Fiber cells in Living Systems by Pang Xiao Feng in BJSTR

Journals on Medical Microbiology - BJSTR Journal

Abstract

Cell culture is #indispensable for in vitro studies. Since in vivo experiments are carried out with organisms consisting of a whole #cell, any invasive procedure is pre-determined, and the allowance of the ethical committee is applied, which delays your study. Sometimes quick experiments are needed to see the effect of a specific substance. In this case, cell culture assays allow us to quickly visualize the impact of a substance in vitro giving us the opportunity to utilize the target cell type in the body. However, there are some common mistakes made in cell culture. As is known, when a substance is tested in cell culture, the #stock solution is first prepared. This solution is usually DMSO because of its ability to dissolve a wide range of substances. And the stock solution prepared should be at least 100 times the size of the dose to be given to the cells. This is a dilution method for reducing the #toxic dose of DMSO. In spite of that of that non-toxic dose of DMSO is 0.1%, 100-fold diluted #DMSO is acceptable as long as untreated control with DMSO is also used.However, when the stock solution is being prepared, the final volume is not considered. For example, assume that you will prepare 1 ml and 100 mM of stock solution from substance X.

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Small but Critical Mistakes Commonly Made in Cell Culture Experiments: An Opinion Based on Observation and Experience by Sedat Ka�ar in BJSTR

Journals on Biomedical Imaging - BJSTR Journal

Abstract

Due to global warming, our life is gradually getting worse. There are various problems such as lack of food and depletion of living environment. On the other hand, especially in the developed countries, people with excessive #calorie intake and lack of exercise become lifestyle disease. Under these circumstances, it will be difficult for us to live healthily. To improve this situation, the Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) were set by the United Nations. This mini review focuses on biosensor as a tool to monitor the human health conditions towards achieving the SDGs. A biosensor was developed by the fusion of #biology and electronics, and constructed by a #biorecognition element and a transducer, it has been widely used as a simple, #analyte specific, rapid, low-cost, and energy saving measuring device in the field of the clinical, food and environmental analyses [1]. The first biosensor was developed employing glucose oxidase and a dissolved oxygen electrode for blood glucose monitoring by Updike and Hicks in 1967 [2] . Since, the development of the biosensors has been widespread worldwide and some of them have been commercially availble [3] . On the other hand, the United Nations adopted "Transforming our World: the 2030 Agenda for Sustainable Development (2030 Agenda)" and set the #Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) consisting of 17 global goals in 2015 [4]. 

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Biosensors: Monitoring Human Health for the SDGs Sustainable Development Goals by Hideaki Nakamura in BJSTR

Journals on Scientific Research - BJSTR Journal

Abstract

The present study was designed to examine the #physical performance responses associated with adoption of a one-week low carbohydrate (LC) or low fat (LF) diet in resistance trained males. Subjects (n = 10) participated in four separate testing sessions, both pre and post assessment following the LC and LF diets. Performance parameters evaluated included the vertical jump (VJ), #one-repetition maximum back squat (SQ) and bench press (BP), and a repetition maximum bench press (RMBP) at 75% of the attained maximum. Prior to testing, blood was drawn via venipuncture and evaluated for Testosterone and Growth #Hormone concentrations. Testosterone concentration was found to be significantly lower (p < .05) with LC when compared to LF. No significant changes in performance were noted (p >0.05) across performance of all #aforementione assessments. In resistance trained males, individuals have the option of switching to either a LC or LF diet without adversely affecting acute performance. Either of these strategies can be successfully applied to a nutritional #periodization scheme in accordance with the training goals of the individual.

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Effects of Short-Term Macronutrient Redistribution on Performance Parameters in Resistance Trained Males by Daniel A Jaffe in BJSTR

Journals on Vaccination - BJSTR Journal

Abstract

#Ultravist has been used as a contrast agent in computed tomography (CT) imaging and allows for an efficient and optimized workflow [1, 2]. This contrast agent is marketed in two types, which are the vial type and the prefilled type. In the case of vial type contrast agent, for assembly and refilling, the contrast agent must be moved to an automatic injector using syringes, disposable tubes, and connectors. During this process, the staff frequently #manipulates the contrast agent and several materials necessary for assembly. The materials that do not come into direct contact with a patient can be used for several examinations or for more than one patient, although the materials used during treatment are approved for single use only according to several guidelines about infection control [3]. Frequent handling and multiple uses of #syringe and other materials potentially leads to #bacterial contamination and local infection [4-8].On the other hand, the prefilled contrast agent requires no syringe filling during the assembly procedure. When using the prefilled type, fewer manipulations are done by the staff than are necessary when using vial type contrast agent; therefore, it has a benefit of lowering the risk of #contamination or infection. 

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Is Prefilled Contrast Agent Effective in Timesaving and Patient Safety by Eunhee Lee in BJSTR

Journals on Medical Drug and Theraputics - BJSTR Journal

Abstract

The treatment for pain before arriving the #diagnosis in patients with acute abdominal pain still remains controversial. Many recent studies have showed that the treatment of pain does not negatively influence either the diagnosis or subsequent treatment of these patients; however, current practice patterns continue to favour withholding pain medication prior to diagnosis and surgical treatment decision [1]. Pain is a complex phenomenon with various causes and issues associated with its incidences. This complexity is especially true for those who have #chronic pain. In light of the #multifactorial nature of this problem, the treatment plan has to be individualized for each patient [2]. Any doctor doing practice in emergency #medicine should be skilled in the assessment of abdominal pain and related diseases. Although a common presentation, abdominal pain must be approached in a serious manner, as it is often a symptom of serious disease and misdiagnosis may occur. Abdominal pain is the presenting issue in a high percentage of medico legal actions against both general and paediatric emergency medicine #physicians [3,4]. The modern physician should be humbled by the fact that, despite diagnostic and therapeutic advances (computed tomography, #ultrasonography\, interventional radiology and #laparoscopy\), the misdiagnosis rate of the most common surgical emergency, acute appendicitis, has changed little over time [5].

  

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Acute Abdominal Pain by Thamilselvam in BJSTR

Journals on Medical Microbiology - BJSTR Journal

Abstract

Cancer is a disease extremely difficult to defeat. Besides tumor cells, the #microenvironment is influencing progress and metastasis. Recently, it has been discovered that macrophages may promote progress of the tumors. Those #tumors associated macrophages (TAMs) are still not completely defined and their role not fully described. If the phenotype of the macrophages can influence the outcome of the tumor disease, the focus should be on TAMs and their potential in development of personalized therapy in fighting #metastatic tumors.Steps necessary for the change from normal to malignant cell include numerous alterations in cell #physiology. For example, cancer cells gain mutations and do not respond to external inhibitory signals. Additionally, changes in their DNA allow them to proliferate without need for the external growth factors [1,2]. Moreover, surrounding environment in necessary for the progression of tumors. In 1863, Rudolf Virchow proposed that tumor initiates at the site of chronic #inflammation and that tissue injury with inflammation may increase cell proliferation and cancer progression [3]. In 1986, Dvorak made an expression "tumors are wound that never heals", thus comparing tumor with parasites evoking wound healing response to obtain the surrounding #stroma for their survival and growth [4,5].

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Tumor Associated Macrophages (TAMs) In the World of Cancer by Bihorac Ajna in BJSTR

Journals on Emergency Medicine - BJSTR Journal

Abstract

Objective To investigate the efficacy and safety of preoperative therapy with imatinib for unresectable/potentially resectable gaster and duodenum gastrointestinal #stromal tumor (GIST). Methods The #clinicopathological data of 16 patients diagnosed with unresectable/potential resectable gaster and duodenum GIST who received #imatinib as preoperative therapy at the Affiliated Hospital of Inner Mongolia Medical University from July 2010 to June 2015 were retrospectively analyzed. Results The median time of preoperative therapy with #imatinib was 7.5months. Image study for response assessment was achieved in all 16 cases, and all of them gained partial response PR after 3-9months #preoperative therapy. Among them, 14 patients received R0 resection and 2 patients gave up surgery due to old age. During the preoperative treatment of imatinib, the incidence of adverse effect of grade 3 or above was 25.0% (4/16) , including 2 cases of #neutropenia, 1 case of rash (grade 3), and 1 case of skin and digestive tract tissue #edema (grade 4). The remaining patients were with grade 1 to 2 adverse effect. The median time of follow-up check was 47 (37-96) months, 3-year disease-free survival rate and overall survival rate are 81.25% and 100% respectively.

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Imatinib Preoperative Treatment for Gastrointestinal Stromal Tumors Clinical Analysis of 16 Cases by Liu Ming in BJSTR

Journals on Biomedical Informatics - BJSTR Journal

Abstract

Nowadays, the classification of blood cell subtypes constitutes a typical method for diagnosing many diseases, infections and #inflammations. The application of an efficient cell classification method is considered essential in modern diagnostic #medicine in order to increase the number of analyzed cells per patient and decrease the analysis time. The recent advances in digital technologies and the #vigorous widespread of the Internet have ultimately led to the development of large #repositories of images. Due to the effort and expense involved in labeling data, training datasets are of a limited size, while in contrast, electronic medical record systems contain a significant number of unlabeled images. Semi-supervised learning #algorithms constitute the appropriate machine learning methodology to exploit the knowledge hidden in the unlabeled data with the explicit classification information of labeled data for building powerful and effective classifiers. In this work, we evaluate the performance of an ensemble #semi-supervised learning algorithm for the classification of blood cells subtypes. The efficacy of the presented algorithm is illustrated by a series of experiments, demonstrating that reliable and robust prediction models could be developed by the adaptation of ensemble techniques in the #semisupervised learning framework.

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Identification of Blood Cell Subtypes from Images Using an Improved SSL Algorithm by Ioannis E Livieris in BJSTR

Journals on Veterinary Medicine - BJSTR Journal

Abstract

Q fever is a disease caused by #coxiella burnetii which is ubiquitous intracellular bacterial #pathogen, with acute and chronic clinical manifestations. This bacterium is able to infect a wide range of animals, but cattle, sheep and goats are the principal reservoirs. Inhalation of contaminated aerosols is the main transmission route for humans. Q fever is a worldwide #zoonosis, which may occur in sporadic as well as epidemic forms. Because it is highly infectious for humans, Q fever is an important zoonosis with #veterinarian laboraratory workers, farmers and abattoir workers at risk. The spectrum of clinical manifestations in humans and animals are diverse, ranging from #seroconvesion without any clinical symptoms to fatal consequences. The acute infection in humans manifests as self-limiting febrile illness, pneumonia, or hepatitis, whereas endocarditis is the major manifestation in chronic cases. Infection in domestic animal is usually asymptomatic and remains unrecognized, but it may cause abortion, especially in sheep and goat. In Ethiopia, the existence of antibody against #Coxiella burnetii was reported in goats and sheep slaughtered at Addis Ababa abattoir, and its peri-urban. or from milk and urine are the basis of confirmatory diagnosis of C. #burnetii infection.

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Review on Q fever in Small Ruminants and its Public Health Importance by Gebremedhin Yohannes in BJSTR

Journals on Cancer Medicine - BJSTR Journal

Abstract

Soft Tissue #Sarcoma (STS) is a rare neoplasm that accounts for 1% of all solid tumors in adults. In 2013, 11410 new cases were diagnosed in adults and children in the United States with 4,390 expected deaths [1]. In more than 50 to 60% of the cases, limbs are involved and it can have more than 50 #histological subtypes [2] . These tumors are invasive and their metastasis risk is high [3] . Today, the treatment of sarcomas often includes a combination of surgery, #radiotherapy and chemotherapy [3]. However, there are extensive disputes and challenges regarding the use of chemotherapy and radiotherapy in these patients. Some studies have adopted optional chemotherapy treatment as an adjunct to increase the chance of preserving a limb, but the use of this method has not had a significant effect on overall survival [4].Other studies have suggested that in patients for whom the tumor cannot be removed completely by #surgery, to increase the chance #oftumor necrosis considering its high survival, a neoadjuvant chemotherapy treatment with #hypofractionated radiotherapy or in some cases adjuvant #chemotherapy, depending on the living cells, has been recommended. These methods have been able to improve patient complications and induce a pathologic response [4].

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Neoadjuvant Radiotherapy for Soft Tissue Sarcoma by Mirkazemi Masoud in BJSTR

Journals on Biopsychological Medicine - BJSTR Journal

Abstract

The given research represents a theoretical study of the problem of the psychological and #pedagogical influence of music on a person. The article reflects the retrospective of the birth of musical psychology, the educational and communicative side of music. Attempts have been made to study theoretically the #psychophysical and psycho physiological properties of music, which allow one to reveal the effectiveness of its influence on the human nervous system. In addition, music unites the moral and aesthetic culture on the path to the formation of spirituality, which reflects its moral, ethical and aesthetic aspects. The author concludes that correctly selected #music influences the purposeful activity of a person, since it promotes such a restructuring of the organism, which causes more efficient course of physiological processes. At the same time, its use in training specialists not only in #pedagogical professions, but also in those professions where one has to work directly with the human resource in labour activity, will contribute to the formation of personal qualities necessary for the full and effective implementation of multilateral professional activities.

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Psychological and Pedagogical Direction of Music by Aftimichuk Olga in BJSTR

Journals on Medical Research - BJSTR Journal

Abstract

Random mutation and natural selection occur in a variety of different environments. Three of the most important factors which govern the rate at which this phenomenon occurs is whether there is competition between the different variants for the resources of the environment or not whether the replicator can do #recombination and whether the intensity of selection has an impact on the evolutionary trajectory. Two different experimental models of random mutation and natural selection are analyzed to determine the impact of competition on random mutation and natural selection. One experiment places the different variants in competition for the resources of the environment while the lineages are attempting to evolve to the selection pressure while the other experiment allows the lineages to grow without intense competition for the resources of the #environment while the different lineages are attempting to evolve to the selection pressure. The mathematics which governs either experiment is discussed, and the results correlated to the medical problem of the evolution of drug resistance. 

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Random Mutation and Natural Selection In Competitive and Non-Competitive Environments by Alan Kleinman in BJSTR